Claim evidence

Antioxidant support especially with high PUFA diets

Grade BSolid canine or strong extrapolated evidenceSave claim

Ingredient: Vitamin E · vitamin

Plain-language summary

Requirement rises with fish/omega-3 intake.

About the ingredient

What it is

Fat-soluble antioxidant.

Why it's used

Included in oils and multivitamins.

Also known as: Tocopherol

Cited studies (4)

Canine studies

The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and Supplements in Canine Atopic Dermatitis.
Eisenschenk MNC · The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice · 2025
Save studyD
Study summary
Very limited quality
Design score 2/11
Design
Journal Article; Review
Species
dog
Sample size
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Controls / blinding
Not reported
Funding
Not reported
Strengths
- Conducted in dogs
Limitations
- Sample size not recorded
- No control group recorded
- Study duration not recorded
Relevance to this claim: Ingredient-level evidence for Vitamin E
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2024.11.003
The immunomodulatory effects of vitamins in cancer.
Munteanu C, Mârza SM, Papuc I · Frontiers in immunology · 2024
Save studyD
Study summary
Very limited quality
Design score 2/11
Design
Journal Article; Review
Species
dog
Sample size
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Controls / blinding
Not reported
Funding
Not reported
Strengths
- Conducted in dogs
Limitations
- Sample size not recorded
- No control group recorded
- Study duration not recorded
Relevance to this claim: Ingredient-level evidence for Vitamin E
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1464329
Antioxidant function of coenzyme Q.
Kawasaki T · Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology · 1992
Save studyD
Study summary
Very limited quality
Design score 2/11
Design
Journal Article; Review
Species
dog
Sample size
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Controls / blinding
Not reported
Funding
Not reported
Strengths
- Conducted in dogs
Limitations
- Sample size not recorded
- No control group recorded
- Study duration not recorded
Relevance to this claim: Ingredient-level evidence for Vitamin E
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.38.special_552
Vitamin E requirement in dogs consuming high-PUFA diets
Journal of Nutrition · 1991
Save studyB
Study summary
Limited quality
Design score 5/11
Design
controlled feeding
Species
dog
Sample size
Not reported
Duration
Not reported
Controls / blinding
Controlled feeding comparison
Funding
Not reported
Strengths
- Controlled comparison
- Conducted in dogs
Limitations
- Sample size not recorded
- Study duration not recorded
Outcome: PUFA intake raises tocopherol need